暖季型草坪草大规模种质资源抗盐性评价指标的选择

目前国内外用于暖季型草坪草抗盐评价的指标很多,但尚未系统研究过其在大规模种质资源抗盐性评价中的效果.试验通过水培法,从操作时间、准确性、相互关系等方面,对6种暖季型草坪草在不同盐度处理下8个指标的系统比较研究,探讨了暖季型草坪草大规模种质资源抗盐评价的指标选择方法.结果表明叶片烧伤度、枝叶修剪干质量和根系修剪干质量3个指标操作方便省时、准确性高,是开展大规模种质资源抗盐评价的理想指标.但这3个指标在盐胁迫下的反应不一致,要求以叶片烧伤度为基本指标,结合枝叶修剪干质量和根系修剪干质量进行综合评价.     

Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency: presence of the Cys36Ser beta-2 integrin mutation in an affected US Irish Setter cross-breed dog and in US Irish Red and White Setters

Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by recurrent bacterial infections in the presence of marked leukocytosis. The disease was 1st described in the mid-1980s in a cross-breed Irish Setter Dog in the United States. It results from a defective beta-2 subunit of heterodimeric leukocyte adhesion proteins. The causative mutation for CLAD in Irish Setter Dogs from Europe has been identified as a missense mutation at base pair position 107 in the beta-2 integrin subunit gene (ITGB2) that results in an amino acid change from cysteine to serine at amino acid 36 (Cys36Ser) in the beta-2 integrin subunit protein. In the current work, the originally described dog with CLAD has been genetically tested and shown to have the same mutation as the European Irish Setters. This suggests that the mutation has been in the Irish Setter population for many generations spanning more than 2 decades. A related breed, the Irish Red and White Setter, has a history of interbreeding with Irish Setters and shares a common ancestry with the Irish Setter breed. DNA from Irish Red and White Setters residing in the United States was screened either by sequencing or by the newly developed restriction enzyme test for the Irish Setter Cys36Ser CLAD mutation. Seven of 54 dogs tested (13%) were found to be carriers of the Irish Setter CLAD mutation. Five of these were directly related to a sire from the UK, demonstrating the importation of an allele from another continent and establishing the need for genetic testing in this breed in the United States.     

茄科植物内生细菌的分离及拮抗菌的筛选

从番茄和辣椒植株中共分离到9株对植物病原真菌具有拈抗作用的内生细菌。其中，来自樱桃番茄的内生细菌株系BS-1和湘研辣椒的内生细菌株系BS-4对辣椒根腐病菌等具有较强的拈抗作用，两者在植株体内均可以定殖。BS-1和BS-4均属于芽孢杆菌。     

病毒受体研究技术进展

病毒受体是生物体内与病毒结合的受体分子,与病毒的感染密切相关.在病毒感染的过程中,受体起着至关重要的作用.因此,对病毒受体的研究是明确病毒致病机理的关键.论文简要介绍了几种传统的研究受体的方法,并对一些研究受体的新方法进行了重点介绍.     

秦岭山区地被植物种质资源研究初报

本文报道了秦岭山区地被植物的种类、产地、生态习性、形态特征及园林中的应用。     

防治桑蓟马的农药筛选与应用

桑蓟马是桑树常见害虫之一,本文回顾了防治桑蓟马的农药筛选进展,分析了不同农药的防效和安全性,根据桑蓟马的防治特点和养蚕生产要求,提出了防治桑蓟马的农药应用策略,为防治桑蓟马新农药的筛选和应用提供参考。     

基于MATLAB的多自由度机构筛分机动态性能研究

筛分机的激振方式直接影响散体粘潮湿性物料的筛分效率。通过MATLAB中SimMechanics对一种多自由度激振筛分机进行了动力学响应分析,得出了该种型式筛分机的工作特点。并指出用SimMechanics进行机械动力系统运动仿真的优点。     

风筛式土壤残膜分离装置的设计与试验分析

为了解决耕层残膜回收率低的问题,设计了风筛式土壤残膜试验平台装置,并采用双曲柄机构来减小装置的振动性。对土壤残膜进行了无气流条件下的筛分试验,分析了各因素对筛分率的影响,优选了振动筛参数组合。试验结果表明:当曲柄转速为180r/min、筛面倾角为6°、鱼鳞筛开角为20°时,筛分装置有较高的残膜筛分率,即为87.67%。     

Host status and reaction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago truncatula</Emphasis> accessions to infection by three major pathogens of pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis>) and alfalfa (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa</Emphasis>)

Ditylenchus dipsaci, the stem nematode of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Mycosphaerella pinodes, cause of Ascochyta blight in pea (Pisum sativum) and Aphanomyces euteiches, cause of pea root rot, result in major yield losses in French alfalfa and pea crops. These diseases are difficult to control and the partial resistances currently available are not effective enough. Medicago truncatula, the barrel medic, is the legume model for genetic studies, which should lead to the identification and characterization of new resistance genes for pathogens. We evaluated a collection of 34 accessions of M. truncatula and nine accessions from three other species (two from M. italica, six from M. littoralis and one from M. polymorpha) for resistance to these three major diseases. We developed screening tests, including standard host references, for each pathogen. Most of the accessions tested were resistant to D. dipsaci, with only three accessions classified as susceptible. A very high level of resistance to M. pinodes was observed among the accessions, none of which was susceptible to this pathogen. Conversely, a high level of variation, from resistant to susceptible accessions, was identified in response to infection by A. euteiches.     

A high-throughput glasshouse bioassay to detect crown rot resistance in wheat germplasm

A high-throughput and reliable seedling bioassay to screen wheat germplasm for crown rot resistance was developed. Single wheat seedlings were grown in square seedling punnets in a glasshouse and inoculated with a monoconidial Fusarium pseudograminearum isolate 10 days after emergence. The punnets were laid horizontally on their side and a 10- µ L inoculum droplet placed on the stem base. Seedlings were incubated at near-saturated relative humidity, and crown rot severity was assessed 35 days after inoculation. Studies on the duration of incubation period, inoculum concentration and temperature were carried out to optimize these parameters. Seedling growth at 25/15(±5)°C in a glasshouse and 48-h incubation at near-saturated RH in darkness gave the best results. When crown rot resistance rankings of 16 Australian cultivars from the bioassay were compared with their field performance, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was highly significant. This indicated that the seedling bioassay mimicked field resistance to crown rot in adult plants. A bootstrap resampling analysis showed little or no improvement in the coefficient of variation with an increasing number of replications, indicating a high level of precision and reproducibility. By detecting small but consistent differences in crown rot severity, the bioassay proved effective in large-scale screening for partial resistance: already over 1400 wheat genotypes have been screened. The high degree of precision makes this an invaluable tool in the understanding of pathogen aggressiveness, host specialization and parasitic fitness.